Transmission

The transmission is the gearbox and clutch, which transmits and converts power from the engine into twist (rotational force) for the wheels.
The clutch engages or disconnects the turning engine from the gears as they are shifted up, down, or into neutral. This is particularly important when coming to a stop to keep the engine idling – if you didn’t have a clutch, the engine’s rotation locked to the gear would wind down to a shuddering halt, and stall. We’ve all done that more than once…

Gears are the way of best harnessing and optimising the engine’s power no matter what speed you are travelling.  A low gear (first or second) produces more force at lower speeds, i.e. to get you off the line, while a high gear produces less force at higher speeds to keep you rolling along rapidly.

There are basically four types of transmissions.
*The original and still the simplest type of transmission is the manual, named for its need for manual selection of the gears via the stick shift and operation of the clutch by the driver’s left foot. In manual transmission, there is loss of power due to gear change and jerking. But one advantage is, it engages the driver more.
*A conventional automatic transmission uses a complex set of gears controlled by the car’s computer to take the manual selection process away from the driver. Aut­omatic transmissions have no conventional clutch – the device that does this particular chore is called a torque converter.
* Semi-automatic and dual-clutch transmissions are a mix of both manual and auto. In a semi-auto, gears can still be selected by the driver, but there is no clutch pedal; this is instead handled by the car’s computer. Essentially, it’s a cheat: driving a manual without the step of engaging a clutch. This explains its other moniker, the ‘clutchless manual.’ A Dual-Clutch Transmission uses a separate clutch for the odd and even gears, which means that while one gear is in use, the next gear – be it higher or lower - is always ready to go at a moment’s notice. This equates to super-fast shifts.
* The Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) does away with gears altogether and instead employs a pulley system controlled by the car’s computer, aiming to offer the optimum gear ratio for any given driving situation.

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